Closed captioning in analog television is primarily intended for which audience?

Closed captioning in analog television is primarily intended for deaf and hard-of-hearing viewers. This service provides a written transcription of the spoken dialogue and important audio cues, allowing individuals with hearing impairments to access the content being broadcast. By displaying text on the screen, closed captioning ensures that these viewers can fully engage with television programs, movies, and news broadcasts, thus promoting inclusivity in media consumption.

While the other options suggest scenarios where closed captioning might still be beneficial, they do not encapsulate the primary purpose of the service. For instance, viewers in noisy environments may find captions helpful, but the fundamental objective of closed captioning was to assist those who cannot hear the audio at all. Similarly, while international audiences may appreciate captions for language translation, the design of closed captions in analog formats primarily caters to the needs of the deaf and hard-of-hearing community. Lastly, stating "all viewers" implies a universal intention that does not accurately reflect the specific aim of closed captioning services as they were developed.